While the views of Bachofen are not based on empirical evidence, they are important because of the impact they made on thinkers to come, especially in the field of cultural anthropology. Only upon the switch to male-enforced monogamy was paternity certainty possible, giving rise to patriarchy – the ultimate 'apolloan' stage of humanity. This 'aphroditic' stage was replaced by a matriarchal 'demeteric' stage, which resulted from the mother being the only reliable way of establishing descendants. In his 1861 book Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World Bachofen writes that in the beginning human sexuality was chaotic and promiscuous. Many authors, notably Lewis Henry Morgan and Friedrich Engels, were influenced by Bachofen, and criticized Bachofen's ideas on the subject, which were almost entirely drawn from a close reading of ancient mythology. The work of Swiss jurist Johann Bachofen made a major impact on the study of the history of sexuality. 1492), an interpretation of what happens inside the body during vaginal intercourse, by Leonardo da Vinci 'Coition of a Hemisected Man and Woman' (c.
